In 2026, Provigil (modafinil) remains a primary eugeroic, or wakefulness-promoting agent, used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift work disorder. Unlike traditional stimulants, it targets the brain's sleep-wake centers more selectively, primarily by increasing dopamine and stimulating orexin and histamine pathways. This focused mechanism provides a steady state of alertness for 10 to 12 hours with a lower risk of the "jittery" feeling or "crash" common with amphetamines. While highly effective